Miyu's Magical Adventures Mage Guide/ms: Difference between revisions

<h3 style="font-size: 1.7em;">Variable Cast Time ⌛️</h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Variable Cast Time is the most flexible type of cast time and can be reduced through various methods. The general formula for calculating VCT is:</p>

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<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Final VCT = Skill VCT × (1 − Stat-Based Reductions) × (1 − [Sum of General Percentage VCT Reductions]) × (1 − [Sum of Skill Based VCT Reductions]) seconds</pre>

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<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Where the <strong>Stat Reduction</strong> is calculated as:</p>

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<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Stat Reduction = 1 − √([DEX × 2 + INT] ÷ 530)</pre>

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<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">To effectively reduce Variable Cast Time using stats, you need a combination of <strong>DEX</strong> and <strong>INT</strong> such that <strong>DEX × 2 + INT = 530</strong>.</p>

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<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Alternatively, Variable Cast Time can also be reduced using gear, equipment, or pets with specific VCT reduction bonuses. These reductions are <strong>stackable</strong> up to 100%, which results in an <strong>instant cast</strong> (equivalent to 530 stat points).</p>

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'''<p style="font-size: 1.5em;">Example:</p>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">If a player has <strong>160 INT</strong> and <strong>160 DEX</strong> and wears gear that reduces VCT by <strong>90%</strong>, the calculation would be:</p>

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     <li><strong>Stat Reduction</strong> = 1 - √([160 × 2 + 160] ÷ 530) ≈ 0.048</li>

     <li><strong>Final VCT</strong> = 10s × 0.048 × (1 - 0.90) = 0.048s</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">This reduction can be checked using the <strong>@Battlestats</strong> or <strong>@BS</strong> command, which provides details on the total VCT reductions from stats, skills, and equipment.</p>

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<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">You can also check it on equipment stats at <strong> ALT+Q (lower right) </strong> </p>

<ul style="font-size: 1.3em;">Important Notes:</ul>

     <li>You can achieve <strong>0 VCT</strong> using stats alone or via percentage reductions, but not by combining both methods due to the way the formula works.</li>

     <li>Some effects, like '''{{#skill:2599}}'''Fairy Soul''' , stack with VCT reductions, while others, like '''{{#skill:67}}''' and '''{{#skill:321}}''', do not.</li> (The Reason being is because they're part of the skill based vct reductions category, which is multiplicative from general vct reductions)

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><strong>Final Tip:</strong><br>For efficient VCT reduction, it's recommended to balance <strong>DEX</strong> and <strong>INT</strong> to minimize skill point expenditure and reach <strong>0 VCT</strong> as efficiently as possible.</p>

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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Fixed Cast Time ⌛️</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ Fixed cast time is in a more complicated side when taken in account than VCT, being totally unaffected by stats. The formula for FCT is as follows:</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Final FCT = ( Skill FCT - [ Sum of Flat FCT Mods] ) × ( 1 - [ Max of Percentage FCT Decrease ] + [ Max of Percentage FCT Increase ] )

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ Fixed cast time can only be reduced by buffs from a skill, an item consumable and from equipments.<br></p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Percentage based reductions do not stack here, only the strongest one is applied.

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>Percentage based reduction effects do not stack no matter the source</b>. If a player is under multiple FCT percentage reduction effects, only the highest value will take effect.<br>

<b><span style="color:Brown;">📌 Highest Percentage will overwrite and hinder the lower ones useless</span></b>.

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (1):</b> Having '''{{#skill:2208}}''' at level 3 reduces your fixed cast time by 20% (Warlock Skill), but your Archbishop friend casts '''{{#skill:2515}}''' on you, which reduces your fixed cast time by 50%. Since only the strongest one applies, your fixed cast time will be reduced only by 50% and will overwrite the 20% from '''{{#skill:2208}}'''.<br></li>

<dl><dd style="font-size: 1.2em;">However, fixed (flat) reduction does stack with percentage reduction, and also with itself. This makes it possible to reduce fixed cast time to zero.</dd></dl>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (2):</b> A player has a headgear compounded with a {{#item:4556}} equipped and then has '''{{#skill:2515}}''' cast upon them. As Sacrament's bonus of 50% is less than Fenrir's 70%, Sacrament does nothing, and the player's FCT reduction remains at 70%.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (3):</b> A player has two {{#item:2907}} equipped. Their FCT would be reduced by 7%, not 14%, as it does not stack (but they would get MATK +14% as expected).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (4):</b> A player has one {{#item:2907}} equipped and is under the effect of '''{{#skill:2515}}'''. As Sacrament's bonus of 50% reduction is the larger bonus compared to Buwaya's 7%, the player has their FCT reduced by 50%.</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br>▶ However, flat reductions like:<br></p>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:22008}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:400054}} (0.2s FCT reduction) =<u> 0.7 FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:470023}} (0.8s FCT reduction) and {{#item:490064}} + {{#item:490065}} (0.2s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.0s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:29075}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:25067}} (0.5s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.0s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:19428}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:550030}} (Total/Sum Refine is 22 or higher) =<u> 0.5s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:400111}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:470204}} (1.0s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.5s FCT reduction</li></u>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Do stack</b></u> with other flat reduction effects. Stacking flat reductions is the only possible way of removing a skill's fixed cast time because there exists no single source of 100% FCT reduction. The only exception are the Oboro / Kagerou classes, who have the skill '''{{#skill:3022}}''' which removes fixed cast time entirely.</p>

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   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:2202}}''': This skill doesn't have any FCT (you could ditch FCT gears and wear damage gears for more damage on this build).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:157}}''': This skill only has FCT and it's the highest FCT requisite among Warlock skills (<b>a big whopping 5.0 secs of FCT</b>).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:366}}''': This skill now has an un-reducible amount of fixed cast time (impossible to instant-cast by any means).</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Cast Delay ⏳</span></h3>

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   <p><b>Cast Delay</b> refers to the time after using a skill during which you cannot use the same or other skills. This mechanic was relatively obscure in Pre-Renewal but became more significant in Renewal. Cast Delay is now divided into two distinct types:</p>

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<ul>

     <li><b>Cast Delay:</b> Prevents all skills from being cast. Some skills, such as {{#skill:89}}, have longer Cast Delays, while others, like {{#skill:14}}, have shorter ones. Cast Delay can be reduced by specific equipment, such as the {{#item:2703}}, {{#item:4403}}, or through a Bard's '''{{#skill:321}}''' skill.</li>

     <li><b>Cooldown:</b> Prevents the specific skill from being used again until the cooldown period ends.</li>

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<h4>Types of Delays</h4>

     <li><b>After Cast Delay:</b> The period during which all skills are temporarily unavailable after casting a skill.</li>

     <li><b>Skill Delay:</b> A delay specific to the skill itself, preventing its immediate reuse.</li>

     <li><b>Animation Delay:</b> The visual animation time that affects the ability to chain skills.</li>

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<p>The ability to spam a skill is limited by the highest of these factors. For example:</p>

     <li>If the <b>After Cast Delay</b> of a skill that has no <b>Skill Delay</b> is reduced to a value smaller than its <b>Animation Delay</b>, increasing ASPD (Attack Speed) or using Animation Delay Cancel will allow you to reuse the skill more frequently.</li>

     <li>Some skills lose their Animation Delay entirely when <b>Instant Cast</b> (265 DEX or 100% Cast Time Reduction) is achieved. Examples include '''{{#skill:89}}''' and '''{{#skill:83}}'''.</li>

     <li>However, skills like '''{{#skill:84}}''' are oddly more effective when cast with 264 DEX instead of 265, due to better animation timing. The same behavior is observed with '''{{#skill:2214}}''' from the Warlock skill tree.</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.5em;"><b>List of Notable Skills and Their Required After-Cast Delay (ACD) to Fully Utilize Skill Spam</b></p>

   <p>⚠️ Skills not included in this list has longer cooldowns or is not being (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>Used</b></span>) at all.</p>

   <p>🧮 These given percentages are also dependent on your ASPD (you might have a different outcome if you are not within 193 ASPD).</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:11}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:13}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:14}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:15}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:17}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>80%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:19}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:20}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:21}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

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<p>▶ <b>Wizard/High Wizard</b></p>

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<p>'''{{#skill:81}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:80}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:84}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:88}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>30%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:90}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:91}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 1.00 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:92}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

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<p>▶ <b>Warlock</b></p>

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<p>'''{{#skill:2205}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 0.22 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2207}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2202}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2214}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>96%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2216}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 0.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2211}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100071}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2204}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100069}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:2213}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>91%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100073}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

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<p>▶ <b>Arch Mage</b></p>

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<p>'''{{#skill:5235}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5237}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>10%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 2.22 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5234}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5233}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:5220}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) If Using {{#item:640054}} ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

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<p><i>I love reading novels! *cough* i mean spell books!</i></p>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">This skill allows you to instantly cast previously stored spells by '''{{#skill:2231}}''' like {{#item:100073}}, which can later be released using the '''{{#skill:2230}}''' skill.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">There are a total of <b><span style="color:Brown;">17</span></b> (Old Spell Books) and <b><span style="color:Brown;">9</span></b> (New Spell Books); the rest of the spell books have been discontinued and are no longer available.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Once a spell is sealed or after reading the spellbook, the corresponding SP cost is immediately applied.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Skills cast through this method can be enhanced by '''{{#skill:366}}''', as the '''{{#skill:2230}}''' skill no longer consumes the effect as it did in the past.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">If you attempt to read a Spell Book for a skill you haven't learned, the attempt will fail and the caster will be put to <b><span style="color:Brown;">Sleep</span></b>. (Make sure you've allocated skill points to those skills first!)</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">Old Behavior:❌</p>  

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">To store a spell, you must have the specific spellbook in your inventory. A Spell Storing tab will appear, allowing you to select which spell you wish to store. By left-clicking it, each spellbook has a “mind slot” cost – the more powerful the spell, the more slots it occupies.</pre>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">New Behavior:✔️</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">With the new update and the introduction of the new spellbooks, to store a spell, you simply need to read and consume the book. There is no longer a Spell Storing tab, making the process much faster and more convenient. Spells are now automatically stored once you read the book, removing the need for the previous manual process.</pre>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mind_Slots" style="font-size: 1.5em;">Mind Slots 🌌</span></h3>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Mind Slots are a limited resource that determines how many spells you can memorize at any given time. The number of available slots is influenced by your <b>Base Level</b>, <b>INT</b>, and the level of '''{{#skill:2232}}''' if you've learned it. This determines how many spells you can store.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Note that this mechanic is implicit and there is no visible indicator of how many spells you have memorized or how many slots are available.</li>

<p><span style="color:Brown;"><i style="font-size: 1.2em;">📌 However, thanks to Muh (exclusive to MuhRO), you can visually track how many spells you can store.</i></span> <br>

<b style="font-size: 1.2em;">You can check this by using the <i>(<span style="color:Brown;">@spellbook</span>)</i> command in-game.</b><br></p>

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   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">The number of spells you can store is determined by the following formula:</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.4em;">Old Formula:❌</p>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.4em;">New Formula:✔️</p>

<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">With the updated system, the mind slot cost per skill level has been increased from 4 to 8. However, the maximum number of spells you can memorize is capped at 7.</p>

   <p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ Inflicts MATK|Magic Damage to a single target one or multiple times by using the elemental orbs summoned through their respective skills (Fire, Water, Lightning, Stone). This skill can also be used to quickly let out <b>one</b> of the sealed spells at random through Reading Spell Book.</p>

   <p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ For released ground spells like Storm Gust and Comet, the target will be the center of the Area of Effect. The exception to this is Earth Strain, where the location of the target only indicates the direction the spell will travel to.</p>

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<div style="background-color: #f5f5f5; padding: 10px; margin-left: 0; font-size: 1.3em;">

     <div><b>Lvl 1</b> Release = Releases the Stored Spells that you read from a Spellbook</div>

     <div><b>Lvl 2</b> Release = Releases Elemental orbs from Summon Fire Ball, Summon Water Ball, Summon Lightning Ball, Summon Stone Ball</div>

   <p style="color: brown; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>Always check your Release Level as they have different function on each level.</b></p>

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<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ There are new versions of these mage spellbooks but the lower ones got discontinued because of inefficiency and ineffectiveness</p>

   ❌ = Discontinued ✔️ = Has Newer Versions

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<div style="font-size: 1.3em; margin-left: 0;">

     <p style="color: blue; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♣ Beginner's Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:19}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6189}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:14}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6190}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:20}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6191}}❌</li>  

     <p style="color: green; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♦ Intermediate Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:90}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">8</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6201}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:21}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6197}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:84}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6198}}❌</li>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:86}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6199}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:91}}''' '''Heaven's Drive '''(<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6200}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:89}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100065}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:85}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100066}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:83}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100067}}✔️ </li>  

     <p style="color: orange; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♠ Superior Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2210}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">8</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100068}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2216}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100070}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2211}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100071}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2214}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100072}}✔️ </li>  

     <p style="color: red; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♥ Ultimate Magic Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2213}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">22</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100073}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2217}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">22</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100074}}✔️ </li>  

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Purchasing Spell Books 📖</span></h3>

   <li>You can purchase spell books at the [[https://wiki.muhro.eu/Main_Office|m MainOffice.]] from the Magician Dealer NPC {{#navi:main_office|63|59}}.</li>

   <li>Each Spell Book has a cost, dependent on the level/Tier of the Spell Book.</li>

<p><i>Did you know flee's are useless against mages?</i></p>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>The total magical defense that is factored upon magic damage, which is generally based on MATK as a whole or partially. However, there are exceptions.</li>

   <li>To obtain the final damage, apply Hard MDEF first and then apply Soft MDEF.</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Soft_Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Soft Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>Soft magic defense, also known as "INT" magic defense, reduces incoming magic damage directly.</li>

   <li><b>BonusA</b> is the sum of additive bonuses.</li>

   <li><b>BonusB</b> is the sum of multiplicative bonuses.</li>

   <li>Monsters use a different SoftMDEF formula.</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hard_Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Hard Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>Hard magic defense, also known as "armor" or "equipment" magic defense, reduces incoming magic damage multiplicatively.</li>

   <li>Hard magic defense has a base value of 0, and is increased by equipment, some skills, and items.</li>

   <li><b>Damage after Hard MDEF</b> = <code>Damage × [(1000 + HardMDEF) ÷ (1000 + HardMDEF × 10)]</code></li>

⚠️ This indicates that as Hard MDEF increases, the percentage of magic damage reduced also increases, but with diminishing returns. For example: </br>

</div>

🔮 20 Hard MDEF provides approximately 15% damage reduction. </br>

🔮 40 Hard MDEF provides approximately 25% damage reduction. </br>

🔮 125 Hard MDEF provides approximately 50% damage reduction. </br>

<b>(It is shown as </b><span style="color:Red;">A</span><b> + </b><span style="color:Blue;">B</span><b> in the Status Window, where </b><span style="color:Red;">A</span><b> represents the </b><span style="color:Red;">Soft Mdef</span><b> and </b><span style="color:Blue;">B</span><b> represents the </b><span style="color:Blue;">Hard Mdef</span><b>.)</b>

   <li>The Magical Defense (MDEF) system was revamped in the Renewal  

   Update. HardDEF/MDEF is no longer limited into a 1-100 point system,  

   with 100 being full immunity. Instead, the effect of HardMDEF is now

   reduced exponentially as the number goes up (i.e. the higher the number,

   the less effect every single point adds);</li>

   <li>SoftDEF/MDEF, which is mostly based on VIT and INT respectively,  

   did not go through a lot of change from Pre-Renewal. They reduce damage

   subtractively, removing flat amounts from the final damage after the

   HardDEF/MDEF reductions are applied.</li>

<b>(While introducing the 4th job trait/status seen as </b><span style="color:Green;">C</span><b> in the lower Status Window as </b><span style="color:Green;">Mres</span><b> </b>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Magic Resistance 🔰(MRES)</span></h3>

   <li>Magic Resistance (MRES) is a defensive stat that reduces incoming magic damage multiplicatively.</li>

   <li>MRES is primarily increased through equipment, buffs, skills, and certain consumable items.</li>

   <li><b>Formula:</b> The final damage reduction is calculated as:

   <li>Similar to Hard MDEF, MRES provides significant reductions as it increases, but its effectiveness diminishes at higher values due to diminishing returns.</li>

<span style="color:Brown;">The Effectiveness amount is at <b>50%</b></span>

</div>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">MRES Penetration 🎯</span></h3>

   <li>MRES Penetration is an offensive stat that reduces the target's Magic Resistance (MRES), allowing for higher magic damage output.</li>

   <li>This stat is crucial for magic classes, such as Arch Mage, to deal consistent damage against high-MRES targets like bosses or heavily geared players.</li>

   <li><b>Formula:</b> The effective MRES after penetration is calculated as:

     Effective MRES = Max(0, Target's MRES - MRES Penetration)

   <li>MRES Penetration can be obtained through equipment effects, enchantments, and certain skills.</li>

</div>

<span style="color:Brown;">The bypass amount is capped at <b>50%</b>, and Magic Resist Penetration effects cannot exceed this limit..</span>

<u>Example (1): Cardinal's skill {{#skill:5271}} provides 25% bypass.</u><br>

<u>Example (2): Master Shadow gears like {{#item:24800}} also provides 20% bypass, when worn completely with the entire set.</u> <br>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.5em;">MDEF Penetration 🎯</span></h3>

     MDEF (Magic Defense) is a significant barrier for Magic classes in Ragnarok Online, as it reduces the damage dealt by magic attacks. For years, Magic classes struggled because MDEF made it difficult to deal high damage to enemies with strong defense. However, recent updates have introduced various gear and abilities that help bypass or reduce MDEF, allowing Magic classes to deal more damage. With the right setup, you can achieve up to 100% MDEF bypass.

     The formula for calculating the final MDEF after accounting for reductions and bypass percentages is as follows:

     <b>Final MDEF =</b> (Total_Mdef - Sum_MdefReduceValues) × (1 − Sum_MdefBypassPercent ÷ 100)

     <li><b>Total_Mdef</b> = The total Hard MDEF value displayed in the Status Window.</li>

     <li><b>Sum_MdefReduceValues</b> = The sum of all flat MDEF reductions applied to the enemy, such as the effects of skills like Odin Power.</li>

     <li><b>Sum_MdefBypassPercent</b> = The sum of all percentage-based MDEF bypass effects, such as those from skills like Expiatio or equipment bonuses.</li>

     To better understand this, consider the following example: Suppose a player has the following:

     <li>25% MDEF Bypass from '''{{#skill:2053}}''' (a skill buff).</li>

     <li>20% MDEF Bypass from {{#item:24667}} & {{#item:24665}}.</li>

     <li><p>'''{{#skill:2537}}''' '''Odin power [ Level 2 ] ''', which reduces MDEF by 40.</li>

     The enemy has 100 Hard MDEF. To calculate the final MDEF, we apply the formula:

     <b>Final MDEF = (100 - 40) × (1 − (25 + 20) ÷ 100)</b>

     This means the enemy's MDEF will be reduced by the flat 40 MDEF from '''{{#skill:2537}}''' '''Odin power''', and then further reduced by 45% due to the MDEF bypass effects. The resulting value will determine how much of the magic damage actually goes through the enemy’s defense.

     It may seem a bit complex at first, but the key takeaway is this: MDEF bypass allows a portion of your magic damage to go through without being reduced by the enemy’s defense. The higher the MDEF bypass percentage, the less damage is blocked by MDEF, and the more effective your magic attacks become.

<pre style="font-size: 1.3em;">At 100% Full MDEF Bypass: All of your magic damage will bypass the enemy’s MDEF, dealing full damage without any reduction.</pre>

<ul style="font-size: 1.3em;"> <li>MDEF Penetration can also be obtained through equipment effects, enchantments, and certain skills.</li> </ul>

<u>Example (1): Blue Shadow gears like {{#item:24667}} provides 100% bypass, when worn completely with another pair like {{#item:24666}}.</u> <br>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_Arch_Mage"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2rem">Modifier stacking</span></span></h2>

<p><i>To spread and not to stack, got it!</i></p>

<h3><span id="How_Does_Diminishing_Return_Work_in_Ragnarok_Online.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_Does_Diminishing_Return_Work_in_Ragnarok_Online?" style="font-size: 1.6em;">How Does Diminishing Return Work in Ragnarok Online? 🔎</span></h3>

     <li>The law of diminishing marginal returns states that, at some point, adding more of a particular input (such as stat points or resources) will result in progressively smaller increases in output (such as damage or effectiveness).</li>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">In simpler terms: "Too much of something can be counterproductive, leading to higher costs and reduced effectiveness."</pre>

     <dd>This concept becomes clear when applied to Ragnarok Online, where the following examples are commonly experienced by all players:</dd>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>Raising Stats (Str, Agi, Vit, Int, Dex, Luk)</b></p>

     <li>Raising a stat from 1-10 (<b>Output</b>) costs <b><span style="color:Green;">2</span></b> points (<b>Factor of Production</b>).</li>

     <li>Raising a stat from 81-90 (<b>Output</b>) costs <b><span style="color:Orange;">10</span></b> points (<b>Factor of Production</b>).</li>

     <li>Raising a stat from 126-130 (<b>Output</b>) costs <b><span style="color:Red;">36</span></b> points (<b>Factor of Production</b>).</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">As you continue to raise the same stat, you will need to allocate more and more points (factor of production) to gain just one more point in the stat (output). This is a clear example of how diminishing returns work in Ragnarok Online.</p>

     <li>Whether 1 additional point in the 126-130 range is more valuable than 1 point in the 1-10 range depends on your individual goals. However, if you decide to invest in gear that boosts another stat, that's also a viable option.</li>

<h3 style="font-size: 1.6em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Stacking_Modifiers">Stacking Modifiers 📐</span></h3>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Modifiers in the game come in several types: (Race, Size, Element Property, Boss, Normal, Skill)</pre>

     <li><b><span style="color:Brown;">General Rule of Thumb:</span></b></li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">It is better to distribute modifiers across different types rather than stacking multiple copies of the same modifier. "Diminishing returns" sets in once you apply multiple instances of the same modifier.</p>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>Although it's possible to exceed 100% for a single modifier, this is only effective if the modifiers are balanced with other types.</b></p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">(Example: 120% Neutral Property + 50% Medium + 30% Boss) is more effective than (Example: 200% Neutral Property + 10% Medium + 10% Boss)</pre>

<h3 style="font-size: 1.6em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Modifier_Good_and_Bad-o-meter">Modifier Effectiveness Meter 📏</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ In late-game, it’s common to achieve high percentages for modifiers (e.g., 200% or more) due to new cards and equipment introduced in updates. <br><b><span style="color:Brown;">However, to maximize damage, it's important to balance modifiers across different types.</span></b></p>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ Stacking the same modifier type excessively leads to reduced overall efficiency, as modifiers of the same type are additive, while different types are multiplicative.</p>

     <li>Raising a Racial Modifier in this manner: <b><span style="color:green;">100%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:blue;">200%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:orange;">300%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:red;">400%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:indigo;">500%</span></b>+</li>

     <li>Raising an Elemental Modifier in this manner: <b><span style="color:green;">100%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:blue;">200%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:orange;">300%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:red;">400%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:indigo;">500%</span></b>+</li>

     <li>Raising a Size Modifier in this manner: <b><span style="color:green;">100%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:blue;">200%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:orange;">300%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:red;">400%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:indigo;">500%</span></b>+</li>

     <li>Raising a Special Modifier in this manner: <b><span style="color:green;">100%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:blue;">200%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:orange;">300%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:red;">400%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:indigo;">500%</span></b>+</li>

     <li>Raising a Skill Modifier in this manner: <b><span style="color:green;">100%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:blue;">200%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:orange;">300%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:red;">400%</span></b> → <b><span style="color:indigo;">500%</span></b>+</li>

Efficiency tiers for stacking modifiers:

⬤ Balanced distribution: <b><span style="color:green;">Good</span></b> </br>

⬤ Minor imbalance: <b><span style="color:blue;">Okay</span></b> </br>

⬤ Heavy stacking of one type: <b><span style="color:orange;">Bad</span></b> </br>

⬤ Extreme stacking: <b><span style="color:red;">Worst</span></b> </br>

⬤ Neglecting other types: <b><span style="color:indigo;">Futile💀</span></b> </br>

⚠️Key Tip: Always aim for a balanced approach by distributing modifiers evenly across Race, Element, Size, Special, and Skill types to maximize total damage.

<p style="font-size: 1.4em;"><b>Modifier Types:</b></p>

<b><span style="color:Fuchsia;">Matk%</span></b>: (General Magic)<br>

<b><span style="color:red;">Race%</span></b>: (Angel, Demon, Dragon, Fish, etc.)<br>

<b><span style="color:blue;">Element%</span></b>: (Wind, Fire, Water, earth, etc.)<br>

<b><span style="color:green;">Special%</span></b>: (Anything else that isn't Matk/Race/Element/Size/skill)<br>

<b><span style="color:Orange;">Skill%</span></b>: (Comet, Soul Expansion, etc.) <b>Skill Modifiers are treated as "<span style="color:Brown;">Final</span>" Modifiers.</b><br>

<b><span style="color:Brown;">Modifiers of the same type are additive, while modifiers of different types are multiplicative.</b></p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">To determine the total damage increase from your card combo, follow this formula:</p>

<b>Final Damage = <span style="color:Fuchsia;">(1 + MATK%)</span> ×  

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">(1) x (1) x (1) x (1) x (1) = 1 or 100%</pre>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>We’ll be using these cards as example:</b></p>

<li><b>'''{{#item:4474}}''' [<b><span style="color:red;">Race</span></b>] – Increase damage on Demi-Human monster by 10%.</li>

<li><b>'''{{#item:300114}}''' [<b><span style="color:Blue;">Element</span></b>] – Increases Neutral Property damage by 30%.</li>

<li><b>'''{{#item:27384}}''' [<b><span style="color:indigo;">Size</span></b>] – Increase damage inflicted on Medium and Large size monster by 25%. MATK + 15</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>We’ll be using (Human / Player) as our Target:</b></p>

   <li>Properties: [Human, Medium, Neutral] <br></li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b><span style="color:Brown;">Tip: Players are considered as Human/Player and medium size monsters and are neutral property by default</span></b><br><br></p>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>Using the cards above, we'll have the following formula when you compound those cards in your 4-slotted weapon:</b></p>

<ul style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b><span style="color:red;">(1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:blue;">(1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Indigo;">(1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Green;">(1)</span></b> = 1.40 or 140% Increased in Damage</ul>

<ul style="font-size: 1.2em;"> <b><span style="color:red;">(1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:blue;">(1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Indigo;">(1 + 0.25)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Green;">(1)</span></b> = 1.625 or 162.5% Increased in Damage</ul>

<ul style="font-size: 1.2em;"> <b><span style="color:red;">(1 + 0.1 + 0.1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:blue;">(1 + 0.3)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Indigo;">(1 + 0.25)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Green;">(1)</span></b> = 1.95 or 195% Increased in Damage</ul>

<ul style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b><span style="color:red;">(1 + 0.1 + 0.1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:blue;">(1 + 0.6)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Indigo;">(1)</span></b> x <b><span style="color:Green;">(1)</span></b> = 1.92 or 192% Increased in Damage</ul>

  <p style="font-size: 1.2em;">So we can therefore conclude that using a maximum of 2 cards per modifier type is more effective than using 4 of the same cards.</p>

</div>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_Arch_Mage"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2rem">Game Commands and Settings</span></span></h2>

<p><i>Did you know !vysnc helps alot when you are on Directx7?</i></p>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.6em;">Game Commands for Mages ⚙️</span></h3>

! style="background-color: #B28A6B;" | Commands 📜

! style="background-color: #B28A6B;" | Example 💡

! style="background-color: #B28A6B;" | Description 📃

|Shows Reading Spell Book info (for mages only)

|Displays colored areas of skills: Storm Gust, Lord of Vermillion, Meteor Storm.

|Enables/Disables LGP

|Displays the user's Instance cooldown timers

|Displays Cast Delay or Cooldown for skills, requires Skill Failure Display option to be on

|Teleports you to the last location you visited via Warper NPC

|Reloads displayed positions (Removes Position Lag errors)

|Prevents players from damaging mobs who hit you or were hit by you

|Displays in-depth character stats

|Displays in-depth defensive character stats

|You can count 5 different mobs at the same time. So you type @kc >mobid< >1 (first position of 5)<

|Displays gained zeny.

| Takes off the gear you wearing.

|-

|Movement by clicking will be ignored

|Autoattack action will be ignored (your character will still stand within attack range when clicking on an enemy)

|Pets will no longer be shown.

|Turns off all headgear/garment effects on Player Characters

|Automatically loots drop rate below the rate selected

|Restock allows you to automatically draw a set of registered items from the current opened Storage.

|Stores all Items into an opened storage.

|Moves all Items from an opened storage into inventory

|Moves all items from cart to inventory

Types: -1 = All (default), 0 = Healing, 2 = Usable, 3 = Etc, 4 = Armor, 5 = Weapon, 6 = Card, 7 = Pet Egg, 8 = Pet Armor, 10 = Ammunition

|Drops all items from inventory except equipped or favourited items

Types: -1 = All (default), 0 = Healing, 2 = Useable, 3 = Etc, 4 = Armor, 5 = Weapon, 6 = Card, 7 = Pet Egg, 8 = Pet Armor, 10 = Ammunition

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_Arch_Mage"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2rem">Elemental Tables</span></span></h2>

<p><i>Overcome the weakness! (yes i know more memorizing again...)</i></p>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.6em;">Element System 🔥</span></h3>

Mastering the elemental system in Renewal is key to maximizing damage output and reducing incoming damage. Whether you're battling through dungeons, fighting bosses, or engaging in PvP, </br>

understanding the elemental relationships allows players to tailor their gear and skills to exploit their opponents' weaknesses.

       <th>🔰Defensive →</th>

       <th>⚔️Offensive ↓</th>

       <th>🔰Defensive →</th>

       <th>⚔️Offensive ↓</th>

<h3 style="font-size: 1.7em; color: #8A6444;">Level 3 📙</h3>

       <th>🔰Defensive →</th>

       <th>⚔️Offensive ↓</th>