Miyu's Magical Adventures Mage Guide/zh-hans: Difference between revisions

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Stats"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2.2rem">Stats and Traits</span></span></h2>

<p><i><span style="font-size: 1.1rem;">Did you know <b><span style="color:Brown;">Dex</span></b> stat Gives attack speed and Matk too?</span></i></p>

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<th style="background-color:#8A6444; color:#fad67d; width: 100%; font-size: 1.0rem;" colspan="3">[ Stats ]</th>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">This stat is primarily for increasing weight capacity. (Mages, by default, cannot carry heavy loads.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Attack Speed (AtkSpd/ASPD) helps you cast spells faster and continuously spam skills. (It also reduces animation delays.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Vitality (VIT) enhances survivability, but you can trade some VIT for Agility (AGI) or Luck (LUK). (Aim for at least 120 if using the Fallen Warrior Manteau and Vicious Mind Aura.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Intelligence (INT) increases Matk and serves as your main source of damage and SP regeneration. (At least 120 INT is recommended if using Temporal INT Boots.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Dexterity (DEX) also boosts Matk. Investing in DEX can help achieve instant-cast through stats. (If relying on gear for Variable Cast Time (VCT) reduction, you can skip DEX entirely. Aim for at least 120 DEX when using Temporal DEX Boots.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Luck (LUK) is a situational stat, useful only if you have spare points for additional resistance and Matk.</td>

<th style="background-color:#8A6444; color:#fad67d; width: 100%; font-size: 1.0rem;" colspan="3">[ 4th Job Trait Stats ]</th>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Mages neither deal nor scale with physical damage, so this stat provides no benefit.</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Although Mages aren't naturally tanky, this stat can be useful for hybrid builds to reduce physical damage.</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Similarly, while Mages lack natural tankiness, this stat can help hybrid builds reduce magic damage.</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">This is the primary core stat, providing the highest damage boost for every 3 points. (For example, 110 SPL grants 34 S.MATK.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">This is the secondary core stat, offering damage increases every 5 points. (For instance, 110 CON provides 20 S.MATK.)</td>

<td style="background-color:#faf6ed; font-size: 1.1rem;">Mage skills and magic, in general, do not crit, so this stat provides no benefit.</td>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Stats_2" style="font-size: 1.6rem;">Stats 📀</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Strength (STR)</b> <b><span style="color:blue;"> [Optional]</span></b><br>

▷ This stat primarily increases your weight capacity (in addition to Gym Passes). It also contributes to Masquerade resistance in PvP/WoE. If you have extra points to allocate, a STR range of 10-40 is sufficient.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Agility (AGI)</b> <b><span style="color:red;"> [Essential]</span></b><br>

▷ Agility reduces ASPD delays, grants +1 Flee per point, and increases ASPD. Every 5 points in AGI also provides 1 SoftDEF. AGI boosts your attack speed, which significantly enhances skill spam. For most builds, aiming for [90+ AGI or higher] is recommended, and I suggest achieving at least 175+ ASPD to eliminate delays.<br>

It also shortens the duration of Masquerades in PvP/WoE.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Vitality (VIT)</b> <b><span style="color:red;"> [Essential]</span></b><br>

▷ Vitality increases your Max HP by +1% per point and boosts the effectiveness of potions. Mages have the lowest HP modifier among classes (though not as low as Super Novices), and they can be quite fragile in both PvE and PvP scenarios. For improved survivability, it's recommended to invest in [70-90+ total VIT].<br>

VIT also provides protection against Crystallization, Freezing, and Mandragora Howling in PvP/WoE.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Intelligence (INT)</b> <b><span style="color:red;"> [Essential]</span></b><br>

▷ Intelligence directly increases your MATK by +1.5 per point and is your primary source of SP regeneration. It also reduces cast time. INT is your core stat for maximizing damage output, and it is recommended to have [120+ INT], or 130 if aiming for instant-cast via stat.<br>

Additionally, INT helps reduce the duration of debuffs like Sleep, Deep Sleep, and Oblivion Curse.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Dexterity (DEX)</b> <b><span style="color:blue;"> [Optional]</span></b><br>

▷ Dexterity helps reduce cast time, boosts ASPD by a small amount, and increases MATK by 1/5 per point. It is ideal to keep your DEX in multiples of 5 for efficiency. A minimum of [90-100+ DEX] and a maximum of 120-130 DEX are recommended, or 0 DEX if using VCT% gear for instant-cast.<br>

DEX also helps reduce the duration of Freezing effects.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Luck (LUK)</b> <b><span style="color:blue;"> [Optional]</span></b><br>

▷ Every 3 points of LUK provide +1 MATK, making it a valuable option for increasing MATK in the later stages of the game. Raising INT from 120 to 130 requires 340 stat points and grants +15 MATK, whereas increasing LUK from 1 to 30 only requires 86 stat points for a +10 MATK boost. Glass Cannon and damage-focused builds typically invest in 30 or 60 LUK, depending on personal preference.

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.6rem;">Traits 💿</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Power (POW)</b> <b><span style="color:Purple;"> [Useless]</span></b><br>

▷ As mentioned earlier, this stat offers no practical benefit for Mages, so it's best to avoid investing in it. <br>

Status physical attack increases by 5 per point. <br>

P.ATK increases by 1 per 3 points.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Stamina (STA)</b> <b><span style="color:blue;"> [Optional]</span></b><br>

▷ This trait stat boosts physical resistance (RES). While not highly recommended, it can be useful for hybrid builds. <br>

RES increases by 1 per point.<br>

RES increases by 5 per 3 points.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Wisdom (WIS)</b> <b><span style="color:blue;"> [Optional]</span></b><br>

▷ This trait stat increases magic resistance (MRES). Similar to Stamina, it's not highly recommended but can be useful for hybrid builds. <br>

MRES increases by 1 per point.<br>

MRES increases by 5 per 3 points.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Spell (SPL)</b> <b><span style="color:red;"> [Essential]</span></b><br>

▷ This is your primary trait stat, directly increasing your status magic attack and Spell Magic Attack (S.MATK). <br>

Status Magic Attack increases by 5 per point.<br>

S.MATK increases by 1 per 3 points.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Concentration (CON)</b> <b><span style="color:red;"> [Essential]</span></b><br>

▷ This secondary trait stat increases accuracy (HIT), evasion (FLEE), physical attack (P.ATK), and Spell Magic Attack (S.MATK). <br>

S.MATK increases by 1 per 5 points.

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem;">★ <b>Creative (CRT)</b> <b><span style="color:Purple;"> [Useless]</span></b><br>

▷ As with Power, this stat provides no significant benefit for Mages, so it is best to avoid it. <br>

H.PLUS increases by 1 per point.<br>

C.RATE increases by 1 per 3 points.

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Explanation 📁</span></h3>

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<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #fad67d; background:#8A6444; color:#fad67d; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:1.1rem; font-weight:bold;">[ About 4th Job Trait Stats ]</div>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">★ There are <b>6 main trait stats</b> that a player can allocate towards:<br>

<pre style="font-size:1.0rem;">(POW, STA, WIS, SPL, CON and CRT)

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">★ Each of these main trait stats can grant various sub-trait stats:<br>

<pre style="font-size:1.0rem;">(P.ATK, S.MATK, RES, MRES, H.PLUS,and C.RATE)

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">★ Any levels from <b>200</b> and beyond will grant Trait Stats instead of the normal Primary Stats.</p>

<li>A max level 4th job (lvl-250) has 197 Trait Status Points to use.</li>

<li>Turning to 4th job gives you 7 Trait Status Points.</li>

<li>Then every level gives you 3 Trait Status Points.</li>

<li>For every level that is divisible by 5 (Ex: 200, 205, 210…), you will get 7 trait stat points.</li>

<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #fad67d; background:#8A6444; color:#fad67d; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:1.1rem; font-weight:bold;">[ About 4th Job Sub-Trait stat ]</div>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Physical Power</b> <b><span style="color:Red;">(P.ATK)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Final status physical attack and final equipment attack increases by&nbsp;%.<br></dd></dl>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Spell Magical Attack</b> <b><span style="color:Blue;">(S.MATK)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Final status magic attack and final equipment magic attack increases by&nbsp;%.<br></dd></dl>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Physical Resistance</b> <b><span style="color:Purple;">(RES)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Before calculating physical defense, it reduces normal physical damage taken by&nbsp;%. (Only up to 50%)<br></dd></dl>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Magic Resistance</b> <b><span style="color:Orange;">(MRES)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Before calculating the magic defense, it reduces the normal magic damage received by&nbsp;%. (Only up to 50%)<br></dd></dl>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Heal Plus</b> <b><span style="color:Green;">(H.PLUS)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Increases the final heal recovery by&nbsp;%. This increase is applied after normal heal recovery increasing effects.<br></dd></dl>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ <b>Critical Rate</b> <b><span style="color:Brown;">(C.RATE)</span></b>

<dl style="font-size:1.0rem;"><dd>Increases the critical damage percent by&nbsp;%.<br></dd></dl>

<ul><li><b>New status system!</b></li></ul>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ When you reach the 4th job level, status points for existing <b><span style="color:Brown;">(STR , AGI , VIT , INT , DEX , LUK )</span></b> are not given. But new trait status points are given instead, and those six new status trait stats are <b><span style="color:Brown;">(POW, STA, WIS, SPL, CON and CRT)</span></b>.</p>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ Talent status points do not increase the amount of additional points gradually as the level increases. A certain point is given per level up, and bonus points are given for each specific unit level.</p>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">▶ Each new characteristic status has a fixed point investment cost of 1 point, unlike the existing status. Gravity made it possible to check the point investment more intuitively.</p>

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<pre style="font-size:1.0rem;">Power (POW)</pre>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Main Trait for Physical, melee and ranged, Damage Dealers.</b> <br>

⇒ Adds Power Attack (P.ATK) and Stat ATK (ATK). <br>

⇒ Power Attack is a final&nbsp;% increase that boosts Weapon and Status Attack by that same value. <br>

⇒ E.g.: 10 P.ATK means 10% of extra Weapon ATK (200 -&gt; 220) and 10% of Status Attack (300 -&gt; 330). <br>

<pre style="font-size:1.0rem;">Stamina (STA)</pre>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Main Trait for players that want more survival against physical damage.</b> <br>

⇒ Adds Resistance (RES). <br>

⇒ Resistance works like Steel Body, as a percentage value, against the damage you would take, but before anything else. <br>

⇒ Resistance has a hard cap of 50 points, so anything above that means 0. <br>

⇒ E.g.: 2000 damage with 25 RES means that you will take instead 1500 damage as the initial damage taken (2000 * (100% - 25%) = 2000 * 75% = 2000 * 0.75 = 1500),<br>

then you do the usual calculations for Hard and Soft DEF. <br>

<pre style="font-size:1.0rem;">Wisdom (WIS)</pre>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Main Trait for players that want more survival against magical damage.</b> <br>

⇒ Wisdom works like Steel Body, as a percentage value, against the damage you would take, but before anything else. <br>

⇒ Wisdom has a hard cap of 50 points, so anything above that means 0. <br>

⇒ E.g.: 2000 damage with 25 WIS means that you will take instead 1500 damage as the initial damage taken (2000 * (100% - 25%) = 2000 * 75% = 2000 * 0.75 = 1500), then you do the usual calculations for Hard and Soft MDEF. <br>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Main Trait for Magical Damage Dealers.</b> <br>

⇒ Adds Spell Magic Attack (S.MATK) and Magical Attack (MATK). <br>

⇒ Spell Magic Attack is a final&nbsp;% increase that boosts the total of your MATK by that same value. <br>

⇒ E.g.: 10 S.ATK means 10% of extra MATK (2000 -&gt; 2200). <br>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Secondary Trait for players that need HIT to deal damage. <br></b> Also useful for players that have extra points to spend somewhere and want a bit of extra damage.<b> <br></b>

⇒ CON adds HIT, FLEE, P.ATK, and S.MATK. <br>

⇒ It's very useful if your skills depend on HIT to cause damage or you want a bit of extra FLEE to dodge some physical damage. <br>

⇒ It's very easy to get absurd numbers on those two thanks to it. <br>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;"><b>Main Trait for players that have skills that deal Critical Hits or play Heal builds.</b> <br>

⇒ CRT adds Critical Rate (C.RATE) and Heal Plus (H.PLUS). <br>

⇒ C.RATE boosts the 40% extra damage, the initial boost, of a physical hit, long or short ranged, for being critical. <br>

⇒ If your critical hits did 1000 damage non-crits, they do 1400 when they do Critical Hits (1000 + 40% = 1000 * 1.4 = 1400). <br>

⇒ If you have 10 C.RATE, they do 1500 instead. The 40% becomes a 50% bonus (40% + 10% from the 10 C.RATE). <br>

⇒ This doesn't stack with Critical Damage modifiers, those still apply in a different slot of modifiers, which means that they multiply with this. <br>

⇒ H.PLUS boosts the heal done by healing skills after all the other mods are taken into consideration. <br>

⇒ If you use a healing skill and it heals 20000 HP, when you add 20 H.PLUS you will heal 24000 HP instead. <br>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.6rem;">Stats Allocations 📋</span></h3>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">💡<b>[1st Image]</b>: This 1st Build Mostly focuses on Damage or Matk stacking while having decent enough Vit/Agi/Luk. <u>(Max SPL/CON for damage and a balance of STA and WIS for defense)</u></p>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">💡<b>[2nd Image]</b>: This 2nd Build Mostly focuses on HP stacking/Tank and ASPD stacking while having decent enough Int/Luk. <u>(Max SPL/CON for damage and a balance of STA and WIS for defense)</u></p>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">💡<b>[3rd Image]</b>: This 3rd Build Mostly focuses on ASPD/Spamming while still having decent Agi/Vit/Int. <u>(Max SPL/CON for damage and a balance of STA and WIS for defense)</u></p>

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">💡<b>[4th Image]</b>:This would be your go to Trait build for any and all builds.</p>

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<p style="font-size: 1.0rem"><i>If you die, your stored AP will be lost. Hmph!</i></p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.0rem">▶ Activity Point (AP) is a new resource mechanic exclusive to 4th job skills.

It is visible in your HUD and appears under your SP Bar as a third resource pool.

By default, an unfilled AP pool is shaded in transparent black, and a filled AP pool bar is colored beige.

<p style="font-size:1.0rem;">💡<b>[Ragnarok and Tekken Similarities]</b>: Easiest explanation of AP from RO is the Super bar from the famous Tekken Game! <u>(You accumulate and get enough to fill the bar to cast your ultimate skill)</u></p>

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<p style="font-size: 1.0rem">▶ Ragnarok's version of <b><span style="color:Brown;">Super/Special Moves</span></b>.

Every 4th job has skills that build up AP (such as gaining a few AP per cast of specific skills) and special skills that consume AP, costing around 150~200 AP per cast.</p>

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem">The idea is to use the skills that charge AP, and once you've accumulated enough AP, you use it for one big, powerful special skill. Many of these skills are extremely strong, but some are particularly unique, like the Archmage's ability to change the functions of their skills, such as <b>Climax</b>.</p>

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   <li>There are usually two <b><span style="color:Brown;">Super / Special</span></b> skills that consume the majority of your AP.</li>

   <li>The maximum amount of AP you can hold is <b><span style="color:Red;">200 AP</span></b>, regardless of class.</li>

   <li>Each 4th job has skills that generate or grant AP. (You can check the skill's description) <b>Keyword ▷ </b><span style="color:Blue;">AP Recovery</span></li>

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem">▶ Example: Arch Mage's <b>Frozen Slash</b> Skill gives <b><span style="color:Blue;">2 AP</span></b> per cast (low cooldown).<br>

▶ Example: Arch Mage's <b>Climax</b> Skill consumes <b><span style="color:Red;">125 AP</span></b> per cast (high cooldown).</p>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cons" style="font-size: 1.6em;">AP Gains and Lost 🧺</span></h3>

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   <li>Dying resets your AP to <b><span style="color:brown;">0%</span></b>. Unlike HP or SP, AP does not regenerate passively, but it can be recovered from a Healer NPC.</li>

   <li>There are two skills that other class can use to give AP as well like: EM's'''{{#skill:5368}}''' and SH's'''{{#skill:5442}}''' </li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cons" style="font-size: 1.6em;">AP Skills 🔮</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.0rem">▶ List of all ArchMage's AP-related skills and their AP recovery/consume amounts:</p>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5217}}'''= Recovers <b><span style="color:Blue;">5 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5235}}'''= Recovers <b><span style="color:Blue;">2 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5237}}'''= Recovers <b><span style="color:Blue;">2 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5234}}'''= Recovers <b><span style="color:Blue;">2 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5233}}'''= Recovers <b><span style="color:Blue;">2 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5232}}'''= Consumes <b><span style="color:Red;">125 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:5230}}'''= Consumes <b><span style="color:Red;">25 AP</span></b></li>

  <li>'''{{#skill:6516}}'''= Consumes <b><span style="color:Red;">22/19/16/13/10 AP</span></b></li>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Stats"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2.2rem">Casting Time / Variable Cast Time / Fixed Cast Time / Cast Delay</span></span></h2>

<p style="font-size: 1.1em;">“I love Dex and Int, they help me cast faster!”  

<h3 style="font-size: 1.7em;">Casting Time ⌚️</h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Casting Time is the period required to execute a skill. This is an essential consideration when planning builds, especially for Mage classes, as it influences stat choices, skill selection, and equipment.</p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">In <strong>Renewal</strong>, the Cast Time is divided into two components:</p>

     <li><strong>Variable Cast Time (VCT)</strong></li>

     <li><strong>Fixed Cast Time (FCT)</strong></li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Skills typically have a combination of both, though some may have only one of these components.</p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><strong>Unit of Measurement:</strong><br>The standard unit for measuring cast time is <strong>seconds</strong>.</p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">- If a skill has no base Cast Time or modifiers reduce it to 0 or less, the casting phase is skipped entirely, and no cast bar appears.<br>- During casting, the character cannot move, attack, or use other skills, but consumables can still be used. If the character takes damage during casting, the skill is canceled unless special conditions apply (e.g., using a {{#item:4077}}{{#linkitem:4077|Phen}} or being '''{{#skill:255}}''' by a <strong>Crusader</strong>).</p>

<h3 style="font-size: 1.7em;">Casting Bar ⏰</h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">The <strong>Casting Bar</strong> (or "Cast Bar" or <strong>CB</strong>) is shown as a progress gauge above the character's head. It starts as an empty black bar and gradually fills green as casting progresses. Once the bar is full, the casting is complete. Some skills may not display a Cast Bar, even though they have a cast time (e.g., '''{{#skill:10}}''' or '''{{#skill:92}}''').</p>

<h3 style="font-size: 1.7em;">Variable Cast Time ⌛️</h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Variable Cast Time is the most flexible type of cast time and can be reduced through various methods. The general formula for calculating VCT is:</p>

</div>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Final VCT = Skill VCT × (1 − Stat-Based Reductions) × (1 − [Sum of General Percentage VCT Reductions]) × (1 − [Sum of Skill Based VCT Reductions]) seconds</pre>

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<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Where the <strong>Stat Reduction</strong> is calculated as:</p>

</div>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Stat Reduction = 1 − √([DEX × 2 + INT] ÷ 530)</pre>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">To effectively reduce Variable Cast Time using stats, you need a combination of <strong>DEX</strong> and <strong>INT</strong> such that <strong>DEX × 2 + INT = 530</strong>.</p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">Alternatively, Variable Cast Time can also be reduced using gear, equipment, or pets with specific VCT reduction bonuses. These reductions are <strong>stackable</strong> up to 100%, which results in an <strong>instant cast</strong> (equivalent to 530 stat points).</p>

</div>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.5em;">Example:</p>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">If a player has <strong>160 INT</strong> and <strong>160 DEX</strong> and wears gear that reduces VCT by <strong>90%</strong>, the calculation would be:</p>

</div>

     <li><strong>Stat Reduction</strong> = 1 - √([160 × 2 + 160] ÷ 530) ≈ 0.048</li>

     <li><strong>Final VCT</strong> = 10s × 0.048 × (1 - 0.90) = 0.048s</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">This reduction can be checked using the <strong>@Battlestats</strong> or <strong>@BS</strong> command, which provides details on the total VCT reductions from stats, skills, and equipment.</p>

</div>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">You can also check it on equipment stats at <strong> ALT+Q (lower right) </strong> </p>

<ul style="font-size: 1.3em;">Important Notes:</ul>

     <li>You can achieve <strong>0 VCT</strong> using stats alone or via percentage reductions, but not by combining both methods due to the way the formula works.</li>

     <li>Some effects, like '''{{#skill:2599}}'''Fairy Soul''' , stack with VCT reductions, while others, like '''{{#skill:67}}''' and '''{{#skill:321}}''', do not.</li> (The Reason being is because they're part of the skill based vct reductions category, which is multiplicative from general vct reductions)

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><strong>Final Tip:</strong><br>For efficient VCT reduction, it's recommended to balance <strong>DEX</strong> and <strong>INT</strong> to minimize skill point expenditure and reach <strong>0 VCT</strong> as efficiently as possible.</p>

</div>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Fixed Cast Time ⌛️</span></h3>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ Fixed cast time is in a more complicated side when taken in account than VCT, being totally unaffected by stats. The formula for FCT is as follows:</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Final FCT = ( Skill FCT - [ Sum of Flat FCT Mods] ) × ( 1 - [ Max of Percentage FCT Decrease ] + [ Max of Percentage FCT Increase ] )

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">▶ Fixed cast time can only be reduced by buffs from a skill, an item consumable and from equipments.<br></p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">Percentage based reductions do not stack here, only the strongest one is applied.

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b>Percentage based reduction effects do not stack no matter the source</b>. If a player is under multiple FCT percentage reduction effects, only the highest value will take effect.<br>

<b><span style="color:Brown;">📌 Highest Percentage will overwrite and hinder the lower ones useless</span></b>.

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (1):</b> Having '''{{#skill:2208}}''' at level 3 reduces your fixed cast time by 20% (Warlock Skill), but your Archbishop friend casts '''{{#skill:2515}}''' on you, which reduces your fixed cast time by 50%. Since only the strongest one applies, your fixed cast time will be reduced only by 50% and will overwrite the 20% from '''{{#skill:2208}}'''.<br></li>

<dl><dd style="font-size: 1.2em;">However, fixed (flat) reduction does stack with percentage reduction, and also with itself. This makes it possible to reduce fixed cast time to zero.</dd></dl>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (2):</b> A player has a headgear compounded with a {{#item:4556}} equipped and then has '''{{#skill:2515}}''' cast upon them. As Sacrament's bonus of 50% is less than Fenrir's 70%, Sacrament does nothing, and the player's FCT reduction remains at 70%.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (3):</b> A player has two {{#item:2907}} equipped. Their FCT would be reduced by 7%, not 14%, as it does not stack (but they would get MATK +14% as expected).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Example</u> (4):</b> A player has one {{#item:2907}} equipped and is under the effect of '''{{#skill:2515}}'''. As Sacrament's bonus of 50% reduction is the larger bonus compared to Buwaya's 7%, the player has their FCT reduced by 50%.</li>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><br>▶ However, flat reductions like:<br></p>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:22008}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:400054}} (0.2s FCT reduction) =<u> 0.7 FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:470023}} (0.8s FCT reduction) and {{#item:490064}} + {{#item:490065}} (0.2s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.0s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:29075}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:25067}} (0.5s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.0s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:19428}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:550030}} (Total/Sum Refine is 22 or higher) =<u> 0.5s FCT reduction</li></u>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">{{#item:400111}} (0.5s FCT reduction) and {{#item:470204}} (1.0s FCT reduction) =<u> 1.5s FCT reduction</li></u>

<p style="font-size: 1.2em;"><u><b>Do stack</b></u> with other flat reduction effects. Stacking flat reductions is the only possible way of removing a skill's fixed cast time because there exists no single source of 100% FCT reduction. The only exception are the Oboro / Kagerou classes, who have the skill '''{{#skill:3022}}''' which removes fixed cast time entirely.</p>

</div>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:2202}}''': This skill doesn't have any FCT (you could ditch FCT gears and wear damage gears for more damage on this build).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:157}}''': This skill only has FCT and it's the highest FCT requisite among Warlock skills (<b>a big whopping 5.0 secs of FCT</b>).</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">'''{{#skill:366}}''': This skill now has an un-reducible amount of fixed cast time (impossible to instant-cast by any means).</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Cast Delay ⏳</span></h3>

</div>

   <p><b>Cast Delay</b> refers to the time after using a skill during which you cannot use the same or other skills. This mechanic was relatively obscure in Pre-Renewal but became more significant in Renewal. Cast Delay is now divided into two distinct types:</p>

</div>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<ul>

     <li><b>Cast Delay:</b> Prevents all skills from being cast. Some skills, such as {{#skill:89}}, have longer Cast Delays, while others, like {{#skill:14}}, have shorter ones. Cast Delay can be reduced by specific equipment, such as the {{#item:2703}}, {{#item:4403}}, or through a Bard's '''{{#skill:321}}''' skill.</li>

     <li><b>Cooldown:</b> Prevents the specific skill from being used again until the cooldown period ends.</li>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<h4>Types of Delays</h4>

     <li><b>After Cast Delay:</b> The period during which all skills are temporarily unavailable after casting a skill.</li>

     <li><b>Skill Delay:</b> A delay specific to the skill itself, preventing its immediate reuse.</li>

     <li><b>Animation Delay:</b> The visual animation time that affects the ability to chain skills.</li>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<p>The ability to spam a skill is limited by the highest of these factors. For example:</p>

     <li>If the <b>After Cast Delay</b> of a skill that has no <b>Skill Delay</b> is reduced to a value smaller than its <b>Animation Delay</b>, increasing ASPD (Attack Speed) or using Animation Delay Cancel will allow you to reuse the skill more frequently.</li>

     <li>Some skills lose their Animation Delay entirely when <b>Instant Cast</b> (265 DEX or 100% Cast Time Reduction) is achieved. Examples include '''{{#skill:89}}''' and '''{{#skill:83}}'''.</li>

     <li>However, skills like '''{{#skill:84}}''' are oddly more effective when cast with 264 DEX instead of 265, due to better animation timing. The same behavior is observed with '''{{#skill:2214}}''' from the Warlock skill tree.</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.5em;"><b>List of Notable Skills and Their Required After-Cast Delay (ACD) to Fully Utilize Skill Spam</b></p>

   <p>⚠️ Skills not included in this list has longer cooldowns or is not being (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>Used</b></span>) at all.</p>

   <p>🧮 These given percentages are also dependent on your ASPD (you might have a different outcome if you are not within 193 ASPD).</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:11}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:13}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:14}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:15}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:17}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>80%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:19}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:20}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:21}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

</div>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<p>▶ <b>Wizard/High Wizard</b></p>

</div>

<p>'''{{#skill:81}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:80}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:84}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:88}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>30%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:90}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>90%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:91}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 1.00 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:92}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

</div>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<p>▶ <b>Warlock</b></p>

</div>

<p>'''{{#skill:2205}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 0.22 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2207}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>93%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2202}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2214}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>96%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2216}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 0.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2211}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>72%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100071}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:2204}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>86%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100069}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:2213}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>91%</b></span> ACD) Using {{#item:100073}}  ➡️ 7.14 skills/sec</p>

</div>  

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<p>▶ <b>Arch Mage</b></p>

</div>

<p>'''{{#skill:5235}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5237}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>10%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 2.22 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5234}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

<p>'''{{#skill:5233}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>40%</b></span> ACD) ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>  

<p>'''{{#skill:5220}}''' (<span style="color:Brown;"><b>0%</b></span> ACD) If Using {{#item:640054}} ➡️ 3.33 skills/sec</p>

</div>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_Arch_Mage"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2rem">Reading Spell Books / Mind Slots / Releasing</span></span></h2>

<p><i>I love reading novels! *cough* i mean spell books!</i></p>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">This skill allows you to instantly cast previously stored spells by '''{{#skill:2231}}''' like {{#item:100073}}, which can later be released using the '''{{#skill:2230}}''' skill.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">There are a total of <b><span style="color:Brown;">17</span></b> (Old Spell Books) and <b><span style="color:Brown;">9</span></b> (New Spell Books); the rest of the spell books have been discontinued and are no longer available.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Once a spell is sealed or after reading the spellbook, the corresponding SP cost is immediately applied.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Skills cast through this method can be enhanced by '''{{#skill:366}}''', as the '''{{#skill:2230}}''' skill no longer consumes the effect as it did in the past.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">If you attempt to read a Spell Book for a skill you haven't learned, the attempt will fail and the caster will be put to <b><span style="color:Brown;">Sleep</span></b>. (Make sure you've allocated skill points to those skills first!)</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">Old Behavior:❌</p>  

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">To store a spell, you must have the specific spellbook in your inventory. A Spell Storing tab will appear, allowing you to select which spell you wish to store. By left-clicking it, each spellbook has a “mind slot” cost – the more powerful the spell, the more slots it occupies.</pre>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">New Behavior:✔️</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.2em;">With the new update and the introduction of the new spellbooks, to store a spell, you simply need to read and consume the book. There is no longer a Spell Storing tab, making the process much faster and more convenient. Spells are now automatically stored once you read the book, removing the need for the previous manual process.</pre>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Mind Slots are a limited resource that determines how many spells you can memorize at any given time. The number of available slots is influenced by your <b>Base Level</b>, <b>INT</b>, and the level of '''{{#skill:2232}}''' if you've learned it. This determines how many spells you can store.</li>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">Note that this mechanic is implicit and there is no visible indicator of how many spells you have memorized or how many slots are available.</li>

<p><span style="color:Brown;"><i style="font-size: 1.2em;">📌 However, thanks to Muh (exclusive to MuhRO), you can visually track how many spells you can store.</i></span> <br>

<b style="font-size: 1.2em;">You can check this by using the <i>(<span style="color:Brown;">@spellbook</span>)</i> command in-game.</b><br></p>

</div>

   <li style="font-size: 1.2em;">The number of spells you can store is determined by the following formula:</li>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.4em;">Old Formula:❌</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.3em;">Slots = (4 * Freezing Spell Lv) + floor(BLv/10) + floor(INT/10)</pre>

</div>

'''<p style="font-size: 1.4em;">New Formula:✔️</p>

<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">With the updated system, the mind slot cost per skill level has been increased from 4 to 8. However, the maximum number of spells you can memorize is capped at 7.</p>

<pre style="font-size: 1.3em;">Slots = (8 * Freezing Spell Lv) + floor(BLv/10) + floor(INT/10)</pre>

</div>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Releasing 🌠</span></h3>

   <p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ Inflicts MATK|Magic Damage to a single target one or multiple times by using the elemental orbs summoned through their respective skills (Fire, Water, Lightning, Stone). This skill can also be used to quickly let out <b>one</b> of the sealed spells at random through Reading Spell Book.</p>

   <p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ For released ground spells like Storm Gust and Comet, the target will be the center of the Area of Effect. The exception to this is Earth Strain, where the location of the target only indicates the direction the spell will travel to.</p>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div style="background-color: #f5f5f5; padding: 10px; margin-left: 0; font-size: 1.3em;">

     <div><b>Lvl 1</b> Release = Releases the Stored Spells that you read from a Spellbook</div>

     <div><b>Lvl 2</b> Release = Releases Elemental orbs from Summon Fire Ball, Summon Water Ball, Summon Lightning Ball, Summon Stone Ball</div>

   <p style="color: brown; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>Always check your Release Level as they have different function on each level.</b></p>

   <p style="font-size: 1.3em;"><b>[ Old Spell Books ]</b> >>>>>>>> <b>[ New Spell Books ]</b></p>

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<p style="font-size: 1.3em;">▶ There are new versions of these mage spellbooks but the lower ones got discontinued because of inefficiency and ineffectiveness</p>

   ❌ = Discontinued ✔️ = Has Newer Versions

   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

<div style="font-size: 1.3em; margin-left: 0;">

     <p style="color: blue; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♣ Beginner's Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:19}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6189}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:14}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6190}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:20}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">7</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6191}}❌</li>  

     <p style="color: green; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♦ Intermediate Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:90}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">8</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6201}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:21}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6197}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:84}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6198}}❌</li>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:86}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6199}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:91}}''' '''Heaven's Drive '''(<b style="color: brown;">9</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:6200}}❌</li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:89}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100065}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:85}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100066}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:83}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">10</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100067}}✔️ </li>  

     <p style="color: orange; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♠ Superior Spell Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2210}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">8</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100068}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2216}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100070}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2211}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100071}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2214}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">12</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100072}}✔️ </li>  

     <p style="color: red; font-size: 1.3em;"><b>♥ Ultimate Magic Books</b></p>

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2213}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">22</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100073}}✔️ </li>  

       <li>⬤ '''{{#skill:2217}}''' (<b style="color: brown;">22</b> Mind slots) >>> (New) >>>> {{#item:100074}}✔️ </li>  

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traits" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Purchasing Spell Books 📖</span></h3>

   <li>You can purchase spell books at the [[https://wiki.muhro.eu/Main_Office|m MainOffice.]] from the Magician Dealer NPC {{#navi:main_office|63|59}}.</li>

   <li>Each Spell Book has a cost, dependent on the level/Tier of the Spell Book.</li>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_Arch_Mage"><span style="color:rgb(153,73,0); font-family: sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black; font-size: 2rem">Soft Mdef / Hard Mdef / Mres / Magic Penetrations</span></span></h2>

<p><i>Did you know flee's are useless against mages?</i></p>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>The total magical defense that is factored upon magic damage, which is generally based on MATK as a whole or partially. However, there are exceptions.</li>

   <li>To obtain the final damage, apply Hard MDEF first and then apply Soft MDEF.</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Soft_Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Soft Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>Soft magic defense, also known as "INT" magic defense, reduces incoming magic damage directly.</li>

   <li><b>BonusA</b> is the sum of additive bonuses.</li>

   <li><b>BonusB</b> is the sum of multiplicative bonuses.</li>

   <li>Monsters use a different SoftMDEF formula.</li>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hard_Magic_Defense" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Hard Magic Defense 🔰</span></h3>

   <li>Hard magic defense, also known as "armor" or "equipment" magic defense, reduces incoming magic damage multiplicatively.</li>

   <li>Hard magic defense has a base value of 0, and is increased by equipment, some skills, and items.</li>

   <li><b>Damage after Hard MDEF</b> = <code>Damage × [(1000 + HardMDEF) ÷ (1000 + HardMDEF × 10)]</code></li>

⚠️ This indicates that as Hard MDEF increases, the percentage of magic damage reduced also increases, but with diminishing returns. For example: </br>

</div>

🔮 20 Hard MDEF provides approximately 15% damage reduction. </br>

🔮 40 Hard MDEF provides approximately 25% damage reduction. </br>

🔮 125 Hard MDEF provides approximately 50% damage reduction. </br>

<b>(It is shown as </b><span style="color:Red;">A</span><b> + </b><span style="color:Blue;">B</span><b> in the Status Window, where </b><span style="color:Red;">A</span><b> represents the </b><span style="color:Red;">Soft Mdef</span><b> and </b><span style="color:Blue;">B</span><b> represents the </b><span style="color:Blue;">Hard Mdef</span><b>.)</b>

   <li>The Magical Defense (MDEF) system was revamped in the Renewal  

   Update. HardDEF/MDEF is no longer limited into a 1-100 point system,

   with 100 being full immunity. Instead, the effect of HardMDEF is now

   reduced exponentially as the number goes up (i.e. the higher the number,

   the less effect every single point adds);</li>

   <li>SoftDEF/MDEF, which is mostly based on VIT and INT respectively,

   did not go through a lot of change from Pre-Renewal. They reduce damage

   HardDEF/MDEF reductions are applied.</li>

<b>(While introducing the 4th job trait/status seen as </b><span style="color:Green;">C</span><b> in the lower Status Window as </b><span style="color:Green;">Mres</span><b> </b>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">Magic Resistance 🔰(MRES)</span></h3>

   <li>Magic Resistance (MRES) is a defensive stat that reduces incoming magic damage multiplicatively.</li>

   <li>MRES is primarily increased through equipment, buffs, skills, and certain consumable items.</li>

   <li><b>Formula:</b> The final damage reduction is calculated as:

     Damage after MRES = Damage × [(2000 + MRES) ÷ (2000 + MRES × 5)

   <li>Similar to Hard MDEF, MRES provides significant reductions as it increases, but its effectiveness diminishes at higher values due to diminishing returns.</li>

<span style="color:Brown;">The Effectiveness amount is at <b>50%</b></span>

</div>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.5rem;">MRES Penetration 🎯</span></h3>

   <li>MRES Penetration is an offensive stat that reduces the target's Magic Resistance (MRES), allowing for higher magic damage output.</li>

   <li>This stat is crucial for magic classes, such as Arch Mage, to deal consistent damage against high-MRES targets like bosses or heavily geared players.</li>

   <li><b>Formula:</b> The effective MRES after penetration is calculated as:

     Effective MRES = Max(0, Target's MRES - MRES Penetration)

   <li>MRES Penetration can be obtained through equipment effects, enchantments, and certain skills.</li>

</div>

<span style="color:Brown;">The bypass amount is capped at <b>50%</b>, and Magic Resist Penetration effects cannot exceed this limit..</span>

<u>Example (1): Cardinal's skill {{#skill:5271}} provides 25% bypass.</u><br>

<u>Example (2): Master Shadow gears like {{#item:24800}} also provides 20% bypass, when worn completely with the entire set.</u> <br>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magic_Resistance_Penetration" style="font-size: 1.5em;">MDEF Penetration 🎯</span></h3>

     MDEF (Magic Defense) is a significant barrier for Magic classes in Ragnarok Online, as it reduces the damage dealt by magic attacks. For years, Magic classes struggled because MDEF made it difficult to deal high damage to enemies with strong defense. However, recent updates have introduced various gear and abilities that help bypass or reduce MDEF, allowing Magic classes to deal more damage. With the right setup, you can achieve up to 100% MDEF bypass.

     The formula for calculating the final MDEF after accounting for reductions and bypass percentages is as follows:

     <b>Final MDEF =</b> (Total_Mdef - Sum_MdefReduceValues) × (1 − Sum_MdefBypassPercent ÷ 100)

     <li><b>Total_Mdef</b> = The total Hard MDEF value displayed in the Status Window.</li>

     <li><b>Sum_MdefReduceValues</b> = The sum of all flat MDEF reductions applied to the enemy, such as the effects of skills like Odin Power.</li>

     <li><b>Sum_MdefBypassPercent</b> = The sum of all percentage-based MDEF bypass effects, such as those from skills like Expiatio or equipment bonuses.</li>

     To better understand this, consider the following example: Suppose a player has the following: